raining Manualon Police Integrity

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T r a i n i n g M a n u a l
I n t e g r i
i c e
o n P o l

t y

D C A F

DCAF

a centre for security,
development and
the rule of law

Training Manual on Police Integrity

D C A F

DCAF

a centre for security,
development and
the rule of law

DCAF

PIBP

The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is
to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre provides
in-country advisory support and practical assistance programmes, develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts
tailored policy research, and identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector gover-
nance.

The Police Integrity Building Programme (PIBP) works with requesting countries in the development, implementation and
evaluation of projects undertaken to establish and maintain police services that function with the highest levels of integrity
and professionalism. The PIBP operates within the broader framework of DCAF police support in South East Europe in
order to promote and assist in the development of police services that perform their duties with integrity.

DCAF gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in the production
of the Training Manual on Police Integrity.

The views expressed are those of the authors alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to
or represented within this Training Manual.

© DCAF, 2015
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-92-9222-400-4

Design and layout: Léo Felder and Yann Demont
Printing: VALEUR, s.r.o.
Language editor: Cécilia Müller
Published by DCAF
(Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces)
PO Box 1360
1211 Geneva 1
Switzerland
www.dcaf.ch

Acknowledgments

Paulo Costa, Head of DCAF’s Police Programme- Operations I, and Isaline Thorens, Project Assistant at DCAF-Ope-
rations I, initiated the project, developed the concept and the content of the manual and coordinated the writing and the
review process.

Special thanks to Darko Stancic, Assistant Director and Head of Operations I at DCAF, who supported the project and
provided strategic guidance.

A profound appreciation is owed to our DCAF colleagues, Nevenka Tomovič and Artemis Papavasileiou for their valuable
input in different phases of the development and review processes.

In addition, we would like to thank the following in-house contributors for their insightful comments and recommendations:
Heather Huhtanen, Teodora Fuior, Franziska Klopfer, Olivia Ryder, Richard Steyne and Andrei Wood.

A special recognition is to be given to the external experts and reviewers of this manual: Pierre Aepli, Phillippe Gitz, Leslie
Templeman Holmes, Aurélie Magnin, Tim Prenzler and Julie Raines.

DCAF also acknowledges the cooperation of the Macedonian Ministry of Interior and the Montenegrin Ministry of Interior
that allowed this manual to be piloted in their countries.

Foreword

Ambassador Theodor Winkler, DCAF Director

Established in 2000 as the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, DCAF enhances security sector
governance (SSG) through security sector reform (SSR). The Centre’s work to support effective, efficient security sectors
which are accountable to the state and its citizens is based on the principle that security, development, and the rule of law
are essential preconditions for sustainable peace. Integrity building is an issue that is naturally part of DCAF’s work.

DCAF remains committed to support local institutions and the international community in their efforts to build, strengthen,
and sustain integrity in the police and other security sector institutions. To this end, in 2010 DCAF published the compen-
dium of best practices, Building Integrity and Reducing Corruption in Defence. This publication, a product of cooperation
between Transparency International UK, NATO, and DCAF, focuses on concepts and tools for reducing risks of corruption
in the defence sector.

In 2012, DCAF published the Toolkit on Police Integrity and established the Police Integrity Building Programme. Both are
important contributions for the attainment of DCAF’s goals related to building integrity in the police.

With the publication of this manual we hope to further strengthen the capacities of security sector stakeholders and partners
to foster good governance practices in the police institutions through upholding integrity as a fundamental principle in their
ethos.

Table of Contents /Sequence of the Training Manual on Police Integrity

► Introduction to the Manual

► Introduction to the Modules

► Opening module: Course Overview and Expectations

► Module 1: Understanding Integrity

► Module 2: Democratic Policing and Integrity

► Module 3: Values and Attitudes

► Module 4: Police Integrity Legal and Regulatory Framework

► Module 5: Police Misconduct

► Module 6: Peer Control and Reporting of Misconduct

► Module 7: Police Accountability

► Module 8: Gender Equality, Non-Discrimination and Police Integrity

► Module 9: Police Ethical Dilemmas

► Annex to the Modules – PIBP’s Understanding of Integrity

► Example of Course Evaluation Form

► Chapter 1: Adult Learning – Guidelines for Facilitation

► Chapter 2: Human Resources Management and Integrity

► Annex to Module 5: Police Discretionary Powers: Impact on Integrity and Strategies of Control

► Annex 1 to Chapter 2: Human Resources Management and Integrity – Power and Leadership

► Chapter 3: Integrity Planning and Reform

► Annex 1 to Chapter 3: Integrity Planning and Reform – Integrity Plan Template

► Annex 2 to Chapter 3: Integrity Planning and Reform – Guidelines for Data Collection and Analysis

► Glossary

► Bibliography by Type of Publication

► Bibliography by Topic

► List of Resources

DCAF’s Police Integrity Building Programme – Origins and current strategy

Background

In 2012, DCAF published the Toolkit on Police Integrity (the Toolkit) as its first contribution to this specific area. The Toolkit
provides an overview of key strategic areas that must be considered by police organisations in their efforts to effectively
prevent, detect, and address instances of corruption in their ranks. Its primary target audience is police managers and
decision-makers. The Toolkit puts an emphasis on the importance of strategic assessment and planning, organisational
culture, ethical support to police officers, control, and investigation. In order to place the issue of corruption into an inte-
grated perspective of police reform, the Toolkit also addresses the role of external actors in police oversight and control.
Building on the important interest generated by the launch of the Toolkit, DCAF conceptualised and established the Police
Integrity Building Programme (PIBP). The focus of PIBP is integrity, understood in broader terms than corruption, encom-
passing, among others, ethics, respect for human rights, professionalism, restraint in the use of physical force, respect
towards the citizens/public, and non-discrimination.

The PIBP was designed to assist countries in their efforts to develop and maintain police services that function with the
highest level of integrity. It aims to provide guidance to a broad range of actors – government officials, decision-makers,
senior/mid-level police leaders, oversight authorities and civil society – on how to develop and sustain police services that
function in line with the democratic standards of accountability, transparency, and respect for human rights. The strategy
and tools developed in the framework of the PIBP have the potential to be useful to all police services, but especially those
in transitional and post-conflict countries around the world, following their adaptation to different local contexts.

PIBP strategy

The PIBP strategy is comprised of two strands which are combined to support police services in developing measures
relevant to their needs and context.

The first strand encompasses different awareness-raising activities aimed at stimulating public debate on the topic of
police integrity in different countries. To this aim, DCAF has conceived and organised national roundtables bringing to-
gether diverse stakeholders, such as representatives of the Ministries of Interior and police, parliamentary committees,
prosecution, independent civil oversight bodies, civil society organisations, and the media. These meetings allowed the
stakeholders to reach a common understanding of the scope and importance of police integrity. In addition, the participants
were able to learn about each other’s roles and jointly identify the biggest challenges and the main priorities for strengthe-
ning police integrity in their countries.

The second strand of PIBP activities encompasses the development of tailor-made integrity capacity-building initiatives
in close cooperation with countries that request assistance. Within this strand, DCAF provides a wide range of support,
from conducting assessments; providing strategic guidance to local officials in the development of a police integrity plan,
to disseminate and implement the integrity plan; assisting in the development of action plans; delivering training to police
leadership; or developing in-service training capacities on police integrity for police employees of all ranks.

To support and complement different PIBP activities, DCAF developed two E-learning courses on Police Integrity. E-lear-
ning course Level 1 is an introductory course on police integrity for a generic audience, including the police and other
relevant stakeholders, whose aim is to provide basic information on the subject and contribute to a development of initial
understanding of integrity related issues. E-learning course Level 2 focuses on the role of police managers in building,
sustaining, and strengthening integrity mechanisms or systems in the police organisation.

1

Introduction Beneficiaries

Awareness Raising

PIBP

Capacity Building

Diagram 1 – PIBP Strategy

Ministries for Internal Affairs

Police Services (all staff)

Parliament (Oversight Committees)

Judicial Authorities

Civil Society Organisations

Media

Academia, Researchers

Conferences, Seminars, Workshops

DCAF Publications

Methodology

E-Learning – Level 1 (DCAF/ISSAT website)

Beneficiaries

Ministries for Internal Affairs

Police Services (all staff)

Strategic
Advise and
Support

Assessment and Planning

Integrity Plans

Training Strategies

Methodology

Training
Capacity

Managers

Officers

E-Learning Courses Level 1 & 2
Two days workshop

E-Learning Courses Level 1

Workshops delivered by local facilitators

Courses on Adult Learning Strategies

Courses on Training Management

Training for Police Officers

The present manual was developed to give concrete guidance to trainers and facilitators in order to effectively deliver
in-service training on integrity to police officers. The strategy, methodology, and content (modules presented in this manual)
were selected drawing from the experience of pilot projects in Macedonia. Nevertheless, the methodology, content, and
approach proposed in this manual were reviewed by several DCAF and external experts from different countries. It is the-
refore anticipated that this manual can be used in any country with necessary adaptations according to the local contexts
.
As for the overall strategy, the first step should always consist of an assessment of training needs and training capacities.
As for many other organisational processes, it is extremely important to clearly identify existing problems and then decide
on the solutions. For this purpose, assessment methodology, planning and a training cycle are particularly important to
know in order to successfully complete this phase. These issues are developed in more detail in chapters: 2 – Integrity
Planning and Reform, and 1 – Adult Learning – Guidelines for Facilitation.

2

Introduction